The aqueduct commissioned by Hadrian stands as a testament to the technical prowess and architectural sophistication in Eleusis. Initiated around 125 AD and reaching completion in 160 AD, its primary aim was to supply Eleusis with high-quality water. The Roman engineering marvel utilised gravitational laws to ensure a smooth flow of water from Mount Parnitha’s springs across the Thriasian Plain into the city. The structure’s design included a combination of subterranean passages and elevated segments, supported by robust foundations of Roman concrete. Notable discoveries during an emergency dig in the northeast Thriasian Plain, near Aspropyrgos, included subterranean parts of the aqueduct composed of large terracotta sections, alongside a large quadrilateral cistern linked to the aqueduct system.
This impressive system is attributed to Emperor Hadrian, known for his dedication to enhancing Greek cities, particularly Eleusis. Historical records highlight Hadrian’s contributions, like the construction of a stone bridge over the Eleusinian Cephissus and altering the river’s course to mitigate flood damage. His deep respect for the Eleusinian Mysteries, in which he was initiated at an unspecified date, likely fueled his commitment to improving Eleusis’ water supply. Hadrian’s patronage extended to other cities as well, funding aqueducts and public fountains in locales such as Dion, Dyrrachium, Argos, Athens, Coronea, Chersonesos, Lyttos, and possibly Nikopolis.
Before the aqueduct, Eleusis faced chronic water scarcity. Residents relied heavily on numerous wells offering mostly brackish water and collected rainwater in cisterns, though precipitation was sporadic and seasonally imbalanced, predominantly occurring in winter. The long, arid summers left the Eleusinians yearning for rain. The introduction of Hadrian’s aqueduct revolutionised this scenario, facilitating the construction of public fountains and bathhouses and the establishment of efficient sewage systems, significantly improving urban sanitation.
Remnants of the aqueduct, including rectangular piers and semi-circular arches, still stand along Dimitros street’s eastern side. Other segments, unearthed during rescue excavations along its route, are no longer visible. The duration of the project and the quality of its execution reflect the involvement of skilled engineers, underscoring the importance and complexity of this monumental undertaking.
